Pathophysiology is a sub discipline of physiology that deals with the study of mechanisms of disease. Pathology describes the abnormal or undesired conditions while pathophysiology entails explaining the physiological processes or mechanisms where such conditions develop and progress. It is a physiology of abnormal state that is normally followed by a disease or a syndrome.
Answer:
The correct answer is - option A. IKK.
Explanation:
In signal transduction or any other molecular biology process, the upstream or downstream is related to the molecular or cellular events that follow a mechanistic and temporal order.
In TNF signaling involved in cell survival pathway the TRADD- associated complex also is known as TNF receptor-associated death domain complex has a second messenger that activates temporally after the cell membrane receptor known as IKK signaling protein that help in numerous downstream pathways.
Thus, the correct answer is - option A. IKK.
