The following are the statements that accurately demonstrate the electron transport chain:
1. The electron transfer in the electron transport chain is combined with the proton transfer from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
2. The prosthetic groups, like Fe-S centers, directly take part in the transfer of electrons.
3. The electron carriers in the electron transport chain comprise cytochrome C and ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
4. The electron carriers are arranged into four complexes of prosthetic groups and proteins.
5. The reactions of the electron transport chain occur in the inner membrane of mitochondria.
Answer:
Water distribution on Earth greatly affect settlement of population because water is a necessary item for the survival of living creatures. Without water there is no life. Availability of water increases vegetation and increases the beautification of the area and peoples are attracted to live there.
Those areas where plenty of water is available having maximum population while those areas where water is present in low quantity, the population is also low like deserts.
The correct answer is A. A serious disease outbreak that infects hundreds of people
Explanation:
In science, the epidemiology is a fill that studies diseases especially in terms of the way diseases emerge and then spread in populations or the way diseases become epidemics. This implies, epidemiologists focus on diseases outbreaks rather than on inherited diseases. Moreover, epidemiology plays an important role in preventive health as well as actions to control epidemics. Considering this, it can be concluded an epidemiologist is likely to study " A serious disease outbreak that infects hundreds of people" because epidemiologists focus on the causes, transmission, and outbreaks of epidemics which are diseases that spread in a population.
Loamy soil is actually ideal for gardening because it contains forty percent sand., forty percent slit and roughly twenty percent clay by weight. You can choose the answer which best fits this statement or the third choice you have given above.
1. The correct answer is: The viral envelope proteins interact with CD4 and a co-receptor on the cell membrane.
Binding and entering the host cell are the first steps of the HIV virus infection. So, these steps play a major role in determining the ability of HIV to degrade the human immune system. Binding of HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes (express chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 called co-receptors) triggers the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, initiating infection (viral core gets into the cytoplasm).
Attachment of the virion can be:
• Nonspecific-envelop protein of the virus (Env) binds to cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans
• Specific-Env binds to integrin.
2. The correct answer is: Activation of the host cell by cytokines, growth factors, or antigens.
After the viral capsid enters the cell, single-stranded RNA genome is released from the attached viral proteins and copied it into a complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule thanks to an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Next step is the integration of the viral DNA into the host cell's genome. This process is done by another viral enzyme called integrase. The integrated DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins that will help the package of new viruse particles.
3. The answer is: false
Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template. Since the genome of the virus (HIV) is single stranded RNA, reverse transcriptase copies it into a complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule. Thanks to this enzyme, formed cDNA can be integrated into host’s genome. Because of this proprety, antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection work as reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.