The range is the value of y. We know that Ix-12I is always ≥0, no matter what x is, so Ix-12I-2 is always ≥ -2, the answer is B.
Check the picture below, that's the "inscribed angle theorem"
Answer:
a) 

And we want the probability from 0 to two deviations above the mean and we got 95/2 = 47.5 %
b) 

So one deviation below the mean we have: (100-68)/2 = 16%
c) 

For this case below 2 deviation from the mean we have 2.5% and above 1 deviation from the mean we got 16% and then the percentage between -2 and 1 deviation above the mean we got: (100-16-2.5)% = 81.5%
Step-by-step explanation:
For this case we have a random variable with the following parameters:

From the empirical rule we know that within one deviation from the mean we have 68% of the values, within two deviations we have 95% and within 3 deviations we have 99.7% of the data.
We want to find the following probability:

We can find the number of deviation from the mean with the z score formula:

And replacing we got


And we want the probability from 0 to two deviations above the mean and we got 95/2 = 47.5 %
For the second case:


So one deviation below the mean we have: (100-68)/2 = 16%
For the third case:

And replacing we got:


For this case below 2 deviation from the mean we have 2.5% and above 1 deviation from the mean we got 16% and then the percentage between -2 and 1 deviation above the mean we got: (100-16-2.5)% = 81.5%
The answer is 8.6 units.
To solve this problem you use the distance formula.
(3x+1)-(x+12)
(24+1)- 20
25-20=5
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