Question

Inside a good conductor in equilibrium, such as aluminum with only small current flowing, there is almost no electric field. This is because the electrons move around and cancel out the field. What does this tell you about the electric potential inside or on the surface of a conductor

Answer 1

This means that the electric potential in the surface and inside the conductor must be constant.

What can we say about the potential on the surface of a conductor?

So in the ideal case, we can say that in a perfect conductor there is no electric field inside of it.

And we know that the electric field is given by the gradient of the electric potential, so to have no electric field inside the conductor, we must have a constant electric potential.

This means that we should have the same electric potential in the whole volume of the conductor. While in reality, this does not happen, as we actually have a small electric field inside the conductor, and this happens because there is a small change in the electric potential as we reach the surface.

If you want to learn more about electric potentials, you can read:

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