Answer:
Relative Frequency = Observed value for each cell / Total frequency * 100
Cause Relative Frequency
Pilot Error 619
Other human error 85
Weather 574
Mechanical problems 566
Sabotage 524
Total 2368
The total frequency is 2368
The calculation of the relative frequency distribution is
Cause Relative Frequency Result
Pilot Error 619/2368 * 100 26.14%
Other human error 85/2368 * 100 3.59%
Weather 574/2368 * 100 24.24%
Mechanical problems 566/2368 * 100 23.90%
Sabotage 524/2368 * 100 <u>22.13%</u>
Total 100%
Conclusion: The most serious threat to aviation safety is the Pilot error as it has the highest frequency. Pilot need to be more equipped with understanding and knowledge of how to deal with unexpected event i.e. turbulence, engine failure among others..
Because -
individual perfectly competitive firms cannot influence the market price by changing their output
1) Answer: When the required return is equal to the coupon rate, the bond value is equal to the par value,
2) if the required return is less than the coupon rate the bond will sell at a premium.
Explanation:
1) The reason for this that the required return is the market or investors required rate of return for a particular bond, when the required rate and coupon rate are equal it means that the investor is getting the return he wants in coupon payments, therefore the investor will be willing to buy the bond on par value, as he is getting his required return in the form of coupon payments.
2) When the required return is less than the coupon rate the investor is getting more in coupons than he required from the bond so the bonds price will be higher than par so that the return from the coupons become equal to the required rate of return. Thats why when a bonds required return is less than the coupon it sells on a premium.
