An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water. The dissolved electrolyte separates into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent. Electrically, such a solution is neutral.
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<span>In the 19th century, scientists realized that gases in the atmosphere cause a "greenhouse effect" which affects the planet's temperature. These scientists were interested chiefly in the possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar argued that the level of carbon dioxide was climbing and raising global temperature, but most scientists found his arguments implausible. It was almost by chance that a few researchers in the 1950s discovered that global warming truly was possible. In the early 1960s, C.D. Keeling measured the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: it was rising fast. Researchers began to take an interest, struggling to understand how the level of carbon dioxide had changed in the past, and how the level was influenced by chemical and biological forces. They found that the gas plays a crucial role in climate change, so that the rising level could gravely affect our future. (This essay covers only developments relating directly to carbon dioxide, with a separate essay for Other Greenhouse Gases. Theories are discussed in the essay on Simple Models of Climate.)</span>
Frequency = speed of light
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wavelength
= 3 x 10^8
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344 x 10^-9
= 8.72 x 10^14 Hz.
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Compounds in alcoholic beverages that enhance flavor and appearance but may contribute to hangover symptoms are called congeners.
<h3>Alcoholic beverages:</h3>
Congeners are compounds that add to the flavor, smell, and appearance of most alcoholic beverages. These substances may make hangover symptoms worse. Because they contain fewer congeners than whiskey, brandy, and red wine, clear alcoholic beverages like gin and vodka have less of a hangover-inducing effect.
The impact of ethanol, or the alcohol in your drinks, is the primary contributor to a hangover. It is a poisonous substance that acts as a diuretic in the body, which causes you to urinate more frequently and increases the likelihood that you will become dehydrated. The incidence and intensity of hangovers are both increased by congeners, substances created during the digestion and maturation of alcohol.
Learn more about congeners here:
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the temperature is decreased
