Relative dating best helps determine fossil age. It's where layers of sedimentary rock and fossils pile up on top of each other; the oldest fossils being in the bottom layer and the youngest in the top.
Segregate-separate because they sound similar
Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
1. An example of secondary consumer is snake. Secondary consumers are the ones who eat the primary consumers, which makes them carnivore.
2. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and (some other organisms) that converts water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with the presence of sun energy (collected in the chloroplasts) into chemical energy that is later stored in sugars (carbohydrates). Organisms that do the photosynthesis are called autotrophs (produce food by themselves).
3. The energy pyramid represents energy flow in a community, where the different levels represent different groups of organisms.
The food chain is a circulation of energy that comes from the sun and passes from the producer organisms to the primary consumer, secondary and tertiary consumer organisms.
4. For example, plant is producer that is eaten by primary consumer-herbivore (e.g. bugs). Than secondary consumer-carnivore (e.g. snake) eat that herbivore and than is being eaten by tertiary consumer (apex predator that have no natural predator).
5. One trophic level gets only 10% of the energy of the previous level. So, if the plant have 10.000 units of energy and is eaten by rabbit, rabbit gets 1000 units of energy, and when the fox eats an rabbit, it gets 100 units of energy.
6. Trophic level is the position of an organism in the food chain.
