Joanna'a therapy is antibiotic therapy.
Antibiotic therapy is the therapeutic way to overcome an infection using one or more anti-infectious drugs, belonging to the class of antibiotics, and whose activity is exerted against the bacteria causing this infection. It could also be used to prevent superinfection (for example after bronchitis, cold, flu, viral infections or ear infections) or to reduce the risk of infection before surgery.
The term applied when water passes through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration is called osmosis. Osmotic pressure is defined as the amount of external pressure that is required to stop the net movement of the solution across the semi permeable membrane. In terms of biology, osmosis has great importance as most of the membranes in our body are semi permeable. Permeability depends on several factors such as charge, solubility, solute size and chemistry. Osmosis is the process that provides the primary means through which water travels in and out of the cells.
Natural selection act directly upon <u>Alleles</u>
Explanation:
Genes, such as that of fur color, have many variants called alleles. Natural selection act on the alleles and chooses the best fit for an environment and eliminates the disadvantageous ones from the population over generations. Mutations are a rare occurrence that increases the number of allelic variants of a genes on which natural selection can act upon.
Answer: c. proteasome
Explanation:
Proteasomes are extremely important multi-catalytic proteases and are involved in various cellular functions. The proteasome is an essential component of eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the ATP-dependent proteolytic degradation of most cellular proteins. They are present in the nucleus and cytosol and can represent up to 1% of total cell proteins. Proteasomes generally degrade proteins to small peptides, most of which are rapidly hydrolyzed by cytoplasmic exopeptidases. It catalyzes the rapid degradation of many enzymes, regulatory proteins, and eliminates abnormal proteins resulting from mutation or damaged proteins. The inability of this cellular organelle can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson´s disease.
