Answer:
The best answer from the choices, to the question: The cause of the hyperventilation is described by which of the following statement:___, would be, B: A decrease in the bicarbonate concentration stimulates ventilation.
Explanation:
The acid-base balance in the human body, is a very restrictive one. Normal ranges in this base are: 7.35 to 7.45. Whenever the values go either below 7.35 or above 7.45, we are talking about a person going into acidosis or alkalosis. Both situations are pretty serious and they have to do with the balance between the amounts of bicarbonate, and CO2 in the form of carbonic acid, in the blood. The normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid, is usually 20:1. Chemoreceptors, especially central ones in the neck, measure constantly that the balance is kept and if this is not the case, then several mechanisms will be put into place to recover it. One such measure is respiratory, and the other is metabolic. In the case of this 17-year-old, he has a pneumonia, which means that from the start, one of his recovery mechanisms is impeded, which is the respiratory mechanism of balance. He is also having metabolic problems with his system of compensation because his body is already producing high levels of H+ ions and not enough bicarbonate. Hyperventilation in this person is attempting to expel as much CO2 as possible, to try and restore the balance. The first thing that is sensed by the receptors is the changing in the 20:1 ratio, the increase in pH due to too much carbonic acid, and thus the body initiates the use of CO2 expulsion by the lungs, while metabolic mechanisms come into play.
It increases the concentration of norepinephrine, serotonin, and/or dopamine in the body!
Answer: A) Tunica intima
Explanation:
Fibrosis is the process of formation of extra fibrous connective tissue in the organ or tissue in a reaction process. This is because of the benign or pathological state. In terms of injury it is caused by the scarring and if the fibrosis takes place in a single layer of cells this is called as fibroma.
The fibrosis results in the break down of the tunica intima layer. This occurs due to break down of fibrin thrombi. The tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessel like artery or vein. This layer is made up of single layer of endothelial cells and supported by the internal elastic lamina. The fibrosis of the tunica intima will affect the blood flow and will cause the rupture of the blood vessels.
B. Helminths. Tapeworms are Platyhelminthes
Answer: A) Improve patient's recall of medical history.
Explanation:
