Answer:
CPI at the beginning of the year = 192.52
Explanation:
given data
nominal interest rate = 7 percent
real interest rate = 4 percent
CPI = 198.3
to find out
CPI at the beginning of the year
solution
we know that according to fisher equation
1 + r =
....................1
and for smaller values is equivalent to r
r = n - i .....................2
here r is real interest rate and n is nominal interest rate and i is inflation rate
so from equation 2
4 = 7 - inflation rate
inflation rate = 3 percent
so
Rate of inflation = (CPI at the end of the year - CPI at the beginning of the year) × 100 ÷ CPI at the beginning of the year
put here value
3% = (198.3 - CPI at the beginning of the year) × 100 ÷ CPI at the beginning of the year
CPI at the beginning of the year = 
CPI at the beginning of the year = 192.52
Answer: C) total surplus is maximized.
Explanation:
Total surplus refers to the sum of both the producer and the consumer surplus.
When allocation of resources is efficient, it means that the total surplus is maximised because the price that is being charged is the same as the equilibrium price that is required.
At this point, all participants in the market will be better off which means both producers and consumers will be better off.
From the given original cost and the total accumulated depreciation of the old equipment, it can be seen that the value of the equipment should still be $180,000.
salvage value = $600,000 - $420,000 = $180,000
Given that it can be sold for only $18,000, the sunken cost is $162,000.
sunken cost = $180,000 - $18,000 = $162,000