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3 years ago

What laboratory assessments and diagnostic tests are often ordered related to copd.

Medicine

1 answer:

rjkz [21]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to both heart and lung sounds and may order some or all of the following tests. The most effective and common method for diagnosing COPD is spirometry. It’s also known as a pulmonary function test or PFT. This easy, painless test measures lung function and capacity.

Explanation:

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3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Exposure Status Cases Controls Yes 11 108 No 5 436 Total 16 544 Calculate the odds ratio. What do you conclude based upon your r

seraphim [82]

Answer:

$Ratio = 8.8$

The exposure may be risk factor.

Explanation:

Given

$\begin{array}{ccc}{Exposure\ Status} & {Cases} & {Control} & {Yes} & {11} & {108} & {No} & {5} & {436} & {Total} & {16} & {544} \ \end{array}$

Required

The odd ratio

First, we calculate the odds of exposure using:

$Odds = \frac{With\ Exposure(Yes)}{Without\ Exposure (No)}$

For cases, we have:

$Odds_{Cases} = \frac{11}{5}$

$Odds_{Cases} = 2.20$

For controls, we have:

$Odds_{Controls} = \frac{108}{436}$

$Odds_{Controls} = 0.25$

So, the odds' ratio is:

$Ratio = \frac{Odds_{Cases}}{Odds_{Controls}}$

$Ratio = \frac{2.20}{0.25}$

$Ratio = 8.8$

Conclusion about the odds' ratio

The calculated ratio is greater than (and also far from) 1.

This implies that there is a greater exposure than the controls.

So, we can conclude that the exposure may be risk factor.

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3 years ago

How can the skull be used to determine age?

ziro4ka [17]

Answer:

Study the skull of the skeleton. Not only does the size of the skull change as we age, the joints or fontanels between the bones change, becoming smaller with age. ... If the skeleton has wisdom teeth, the person was past the age of 18. If there is significant bone loss, it indicates a more advanced age.

Explanation:

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The nurse should administer 1.232 ML

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