Answer:
Constitutive activation is the alteration of a protein or signaling pathway such that it is functional or engaged even in the absence of an upstream activating event. For example, RasD is constitutively active because it cannot bind GAP and therefore remains in the GTP-bound, active state even when cells are not stimulated by growth factor to activate a receptor tyrosine kinase.
Constitutively active Ras is cancer promoting because cells will proliferate in the absence of growth factors, and thus normal regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation are bypassed.
(a) A mutation that resulted in Smad3 binding Smad4, entering the nucleus, and activating transcription independent of phosphorylation by the TGFβ receptor would render Smad3 constitutively active.
(b) A mutation that made MAPK active as a kinase and able to enter the nucleus without being phosphorylated by MEK would render MAPK constitutively active.
(c) A mutation that prevented NF-KB from binding to IK-B or that allowed NF-KB to enter the nucleus and regulate transcription even when bound to IK-B would render NF-KB constitutively active.
<span>ease or a risk factor such as a smoking or seat-belt use
I hope this helps!</span>
Answer: B. Tendon
Explanation:
A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. While a ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
A bursa is a tiny fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body. The plural of bursa is bursae. There are 160 bursae in the body. The major bursae are located adjacent to the tendons near the large joints, such as the shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees.
A fascia is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs. From the various definitions given above shows that the tendon is the correct answer to the question asked.
<span>The organism will produce 12 chromosomes (A).
Sex cells are the products of meiosis. Daughter cells of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. So if the parent cell has 24 chromosomes, then the sex cell would have <em>12 chromosomes</em>.</span>
In a chemical reaction, a reactant bonds to an enzyme at a region known as the Active Site.
