Once retinal has absorbed a photon which initiates effects that create nerve impulses, the impulses get carried to the brain, which then processes the impulses along with other signals, ultimately allowing the eyes to see.
It takes approximately 4 days in Coon years.
Around 1 billion nerves reside in your body! The nerve cells unlike many other types of cells does not perform mitosis resulting in paralyzation. :)
That's how the food chain works. There isn't much to it.