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The incorporation of valinomycin, a neutral antibiotic, into a polyvinyl chloride membrane allows for the manufacture of an ion-selective electrode that is highly selective for potassium.
<h3>How Valinomycin Ionophores Enter and Transport K+ across Model Lipid Bilayer Membranes?</h3>
- A biomimetic lipid membrane attached to the surface of the gold electrode contained the cyclic peptide valinomycin.
- The ionophore characteristics of the peptide were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the conformation and orientation of the antibiotic valinomycin within the membrane were identified using polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy.
- By forming a complex with potassium ions and an ion pair with a counter anion, valinomycin transports ions across the membrane, and the combination of these two techniques revealed novel information about the ionophore mechanism.
- The ion pair is located inside the hydrophobic portion of the membrane and makes a little angle of around 22° with the surface normal.
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Answer:
3 peaks
Explanation:
Topographic map is used to show different landforms using different symbols. There are two important elements of landforms that include elevation and slope. It uses contour lines to portray different features of lands on the map such as slope and elevation.
<em>According to topographic maps, more close are the counter lines, more elevation are in the landforms. </em>
Peak is the pointed top of mountains. In this topographic maps peaks or elevation is shown in the form of irregular spherical shape. There are 4 elevations in the map but only 3 shows the peak according to counter line formation and the fourth elevation will not have peak on the top.
Hence, the given topographic map has only 3 peaks in the landform.
Assuming that you followed the parentage of people and primates, you would sooner or later show up at a common precursor that was neither a cutting edge ape nor a human.
<h3>What makes humans different from other Apes?</h3>
- People have an "S" shapes spine with a more limited straight firm more extensive more bowl-like pelvis.
- While Apes have a "C" formed spine and an introvert restricted pelvis.
- People knees are calculated inwards (valgus point - the point the femur makes at the knee) so the knee sits closer the focal point of gravity.
- The knee joints are bigger.
- Individuals have considerably more mind boggling types of verbal correspondence than some other primate species.
- We are the main creature to make and involve images for the purpose of correspondence.
- We additionally have more changed and complex social associations.
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