Answer:
b. Segments can become specialized on a particular function
Explanation:
Segmentation conditions virtually every aspect of the structure and functioning of animals with a consecutive body. Generally speaking, we can say that the main advantage of segmentation is that each segment can become specialized in a specific function.
One of its advantages is related to locomotion and comes, on the one hand, from the fact that the volume of celiac fluid remains constant in each compartment, acting as an antagonistic force against which muscles can act and, on the other, from the possibility of independently control each segment
. This allows the peristaltic movement (circular muscle contraction wave followed by longitudinal muscle contraction) to be localized and involve only those muscles that are strictly necessary, making the movement's energy needs considerably more profitable.
The compartmentalization of the body led to the repetition of structures, namely excretory, nervous and circulatory in each segment. This can be seen as another advantage of segmentation as it may lessen the impact of damage to the animal's body; Undamaged segments can maintain their normal functions and thus increase the likelihood that the animal will overcome the damage sustained.
Another advantage is that segmentation allows modification of certain portions of the body to perform specialized functions such as feeding, locomotion and reproduction.
Gene duplication, mutation, or other processes can produce new genes and alleles and increase genetic variation. New genetic variation can be created within generations in a population, so a population with rapid reproduction rates will probably have high genetic variation.
Down syndrome, turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and fragile X syndrome.
A facultative anaerobe.
Explanation:
Anaerobes are organisms which can produce energy via the process of fermentation in the absence of oxygen. The anaerobes can be classified as facultative anaerobes and obligate anaerobes.
Facultative anaerobes are those which can carry out respiration in presence of oxygen but can choose to follow the fermentation pathway if oxygen is absent. Fermentation also uses glucose.
Aerobic respiration produces 32 molecules of ATP from one molecules of glucose while fermentation produces only 2 molecules of ATP . Thus when the organism switches to fermentation pathway it utilizes more and more glucose to reach its energy demands.
Considering all the above points we can conclude that observations indicate that the organism is a facultative anaerobe.
