Osmoreceptors within the hypothalamus detect and increase in plasma osmolarity. This results in a decrease in ADH release from the posterior pituitary, and hence decrease in water permeability of the collecting duct.
<h3>What is osmoregulation?</h3>
Osmoregulation is that the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to take care of the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and therefore the concentration of electrolytes to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
The tendency of water to move into one solution from another by osmosis is osmotic pressure. The upper the osmotic pressure of a solution, the more water tends to maneuver into it.
<h3>Osmoregulation through kidney :</h3>
Pressure must be exerted on the hypertonic side of a selectively permeable membrane to stop diffusion of water by osmosis from the side containing pure water. Although there could also be hourly and daily variations in osmotic balance, an animal is usually in an osmotic steady state over the long term.
Organisms in aquatic and terrestrial environments must maintain the proper concentration of solutes and amount of water in their body fluids; this involves excretion (getting rid of metabolic nitrogen wastes and other substances such as hormones that would be toxic.
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Answer:
B) vicarious punishment.
Explanation:
Vicarious punishment is the tendency to avoid some behaviors that had been criticized or had a bad result. In this case, Adam saw that his sister was scolded because of a wrong behavior (to hit another child, in this case). Adam used to do the same, but after realizing that it was a bad thing, then he begins to avoid, just because he saw the consequences in his sister.
Aristóteles creía que toda la materia estaba hecha de cuatro elementos: fuego, agua, tierra y aire y a esta teoría la llamó continuista.
Los continuistas pensaban que:
- No hay límite para dividir la materia.
- Si las partículas, llamadas átomos, no pueden verse, entonces es que no existen.
- Todas las sustancias están formadas por las combinaciones de los 4 elementos básicos: agua, aire, tierra y fuego.
Los chinos, pensaban que había cinco componentes básicos del universo físico; tierra, madera, metal, fuego y agua.
Answer and Explanation:
The primary disadvantage is that shareholders are double taxed for the revenue they earn this means that the tax is paid by the company and if their is any profit left then it will be distributed to the shareholders, on which the shareholder will again pay the tax on dividends receipt. So the disadvantage is that shareholders are double taxed on earnings from shares selling and dividends receipts.
Advantages include:
Limited liability and easily transfering the ownership of shares that you own are one of the best advantages from the investor's point of veiw. From company's point of view it can easily raise finance and enter any market which to take the benefits of tax relaxations.
