Reactions that hydrolyze the phosphodiester bonds split the DNA molecule between the phosphate groups and the hydroxyl groups of the two sugar groups.
In DNA there is a covalent bond through a phosphate group that connects the hydroxyl group (OH) at the 5' position of the pentose sugar and the hydroxyl group at the 3' position of the pentose sugar of the next nucleotide. This covalent bond is called a phosphodiester bond because chemically the phosphate group is in the diester form.
In other words, the phosphodiester bond connects the sugar in one nucleotide to the sugar in the next nucleotide, so this bond simultaneously connects the two consecutive nucleotides to form a polynucleotide chain. If there is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of covalent bonds that combine nucleotides, what happens is that the phosphodiester link between deoxyribose sugars will break.
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Larger animals may be going into hibernation and the berries wolves eat may be out of season.
At the end of the winter they are most numerous in fresh water. they will cover surface of aquatic plants or poles and wooden borders of ponds. If you like to study them you can scrape the brown growth with a flat piece of plastic. you can also use a sponge. for the free living (plankton) species fine mesh plankton net is very useful.
Confirm that the sample has both helicase and primase activities, but not the ability to synthesize DNA
- The replisome is a multiprotein-RNA complex that is required for the replication of DNA. The replisome consists of different proteins which include:
1. Helicase enzymes that unwind and separate the DNA strand
2. Replication factor C (RFC), a DNA-dependent ATP that acts as an activator of DNA polymerase.
3. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
4. DNA gyrase/topoisomerase that cuts and reseals DNA strands, which is essential for DNA synthesis.
5. Primase enzyme that synthesizes short RNA fragments called primers.
6. DNA polymerase III, an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand.
7. DNA ligases enzymes that form phosphodiester bonds at a single-strand break in DNA
- A primosome is a multiprotein complex responsible for creating RNA primers on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) during the replication process.
- The primosome is composed of different primase and helicase enzymes. In<em> Escherichia coli</em>, it consists of PriA helicase, PriB, PriC, DnaB helicase, DnaG (encoded by the dnaG gene), DnaC and DnaT primase.
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Answer:
Parasitic
Explanation:
The species that is described is a parasitic species. The reason why it will fall into this category is that its key feature is that it is entirely dependent on other organisms for its food. This type of species are not able to produce food for themselves, nor are able to get it from the environment, which is way they have evolved in a manner to use the other organisms. They find a host organisms, attach to it, and then they are extracting the nutrients out of that organism, thus classical parasitism. The extraction of the nutrients can be so severe that the parasitic species can actually kill systemically its host.
