Before the war, blacks and whites often had close ties despite slavery, but under Jim Crow were kept apart (B). As a result of Jim Crow laws African Americans and white populations in the American south were separated by a large legal apparatus that was created to prevent their interaction and coexistence. Although slavery led to distorted levels of contact between blacks and whites before the Civil War there was more contact than occurred during the Jim Crow period of the south which used racially oppressive laws to segregate races in the South.
"A. President Johnson was shocked by the police brutality and called it "an American tragedy." and "<span>The first time marchers tried to cross the bridge, they were attacked and beaten by the police" are both correct. This was the first time many white people had seen this kind of violence against blacks.</span>
The Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
The United States federal executive departments are the primary units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States. They are analogous to ministries common in parliamentary or semi-presidential systems but (the United States being a presidential system) they are led by a head of government who is also the head of state. The executive departments are the administrative arms of the President of the United States. There are currently 15 executive departments.
The heads of the executive departments receive the title of Secretary of their respective department, except for the Attorney-General who is head of the Justice Department (and the Postmaster General who until 1971 was head of the Post Office Department). The heads of the executive departments are appointed by the President and take office after confirmation by the United States Senate, and serve at the pleasure of the President. The heads of departments are members of the Cabinet of the United States, an executive organ that normally acts as an advisory body to the President. In the Opinion Clause (Article II, section 2, clause 1) of the U.S. Constitution, heads of executive departments are referred to as "principal Officer in each of the executive Departments".
The heads of executive departments are included in the line of succession to the President, in the event of a vacancy in the presidency, after the Vice President, the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate.
