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Birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which saves water.
Nitrogenous waste in the body tend to form toxic ammonia, which must be excreted. Mammals such as human excrete urea, while birds, reptiles, and some terrestrial invertebrates produce uric acid as waste in the form of a white paste or power. The production of uric acid involves a complex metabolic pathway that is energetically costly in comparison to processing of other nitrogenous wastes such as urea or ammonia, it has the advantages of reducing water loss and, hence, reducing the need for water.
Testosterone is an example of a steroid. Its physiological functions include:
1. Determines the the gender of a developing embryo.
2. Development of reproductive organs and the prostrate gland in males.
3. Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in males such as deeper pitch, increased muscle bulk, hair on the upper lip.
4. Regulates normal sperm development.
Another steroid is cholesterol. Physiological functions include:
1. Helps maintain the structure of cells and vessels improving overall health and function in the body.
2. Precursor to important sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen.
3. Used as an insulator around nerves and is absolutely essential for brain function.
4. Precursor to Vitamin D, which supports a healthy immune and nervous system
You can gather information from both actions.
La hebra complementaria debe tener 5 millones de nucleótidos, porque cada nucleótido tiene una base nitrogenada, y la hebra complementaria debe tener la misma cantidad de bases nitrogenadas que la hebra original. (Recuerda que las dos hebras "encajan" una con otra).
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