The inner membrane of mitochondria contains many proteins, has no pores and is very selective; It contains many enzyme complexes and transmembrane transport systems, which are involved in translocation of molecules. This membrane forms invaginations or folds called mitochondrial ridges, which considerably enlarge the surface for affixing these enzymes. In most eukaryotes, the folds form flattened partitions perpendicular to the mitochondrial axis, but some protists have a tubular or discoid shape. In the composition of the inner membrane there is a great abundance of proteins (80%), which are, moreover, exclusive of this organ, namely:
1. The electron transport chain, consisting of four fixed enzyme complexes and two mobile electron transporters:
- Complex I or NADH dehydrogenase containing flavon mononucleotide (FMN).
- Complex II or succinate dehydrogenase. Complexes I and II give electrons to coenzyme Q or ubiquinone.
- Complex III or cytochrome bc1 that yields electrons to cytochrome c.
- Complex IV or cytochrome c oxidase that gives off electrons to O2 to produce two water molecules.
2- An enzymatic complex, the H + ATP synthetase channel that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation).
3- Carrier proteins that allow ions and other molecules to pass through the membrane, such as fatty acids, pyruvic acid, ADP, ATP, O2 and water. The following mitochondrial transporters may be highlighted:
- Adenine translocase nucleotide. It is responsible for transporting to the mitochondrial matrix the cytosolic ADP formed during the energy consuming reactions and, in parallel, translocates to the cytosol the newly synthesized ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
- Phosphate translocase. Cytosolic phosphate translocation together with the proton to the matrix; Phosphate is essential for phosphorizing ADP during oxidative phosphorization.
Answer:
"T" X "t" yields offspring that are all heterozygous with genotype "Tt"
Explanation:
An Allele refers to either of a pair of contrasting genes.
So, "TT" being the same yeild just one allele (T), while "tt" also yield one allele (t)
So, the cross of the both alleles
"T" X "t"
yields offspring that are all heterozygous with genotype "Tt"
Thus, the crossing dominant tall plant height "TT" and recessive short plant height "tt" yielded heterozygous tall plants "Tt"
Choice 1 protons and neutrons, not electrons because they are in the outside circling it
The correct answer is after decomposition in the carbon cycle, it is first fossil fuels or vulcanic eruption, respiration, and photosynthesis.
Explanation
The carbon cycle is the way that carbon circulates through the atmosphere, oceans, and the Earth's surface and interior through chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes. This cycle is very important because carbon is present in all elements of the Earth. Decomposition is the stage in which organisms (plants and animals) break down and are absorbed by the soil. After millions of years, the carbon contained in these organic wastes becomes the mineral coal that is exploited in mines and extracted for use as fossil fuels, another part of this compound mixes with the processes of the lithosphere and is expelled. in volcanic eruptions. Also, once absorbed by the soil, it feeds the plants that serve as food for different animals that use it for one of their basic processes such as respiration. Once in the atmosphere, the plants absorb carbon again to make their photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct order of the steps of the carbon cycle is Fossil fuels, respiration, photosynthesis.
