D. the reader. The reader will always be the one you're writing for, since the idea of writing, especially academic writing, is usually meant for others to read.
B. False
(For the future, if it is an opinion, it is probably false)
B. The number of pages correlate with the layout
A) The urbanization of the United Stats quickened due to technology improvements.
-This whole paragraph is on the subject of how technology quickly urbanized the United States. All of the other answers are factors that caused this to happen.
Hope this helps!