Hyperkeratosis is amy lesion with overgrowth and thickening of the skin, such as warts, calluses, and corns.
Biodiversity generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. According to the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP), biodiversity typically measures variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level.[1] Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be greater near the equator,[2] which seems to be the result of the warm climateand high primary productivity.[3] Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth, and is richest in the tropics. These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10 percent of earth's surface, and contain about 90 percent of the world's species.[4] Marine biodiversitytends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity.[5]Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots,[6] and has been increasing through time,[7][8] but will be likely to slow in the future.[9]
Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions.[10][11][12] More than 99.9 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species,[13] are estimated to be extinct.lstimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million,[f which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described] More recently, in May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described.[18]The total amount of related DNA base pairson Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes.[19] In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).[20] In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth.[21]
The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years.[22][23][24] The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago,[25][26][27] during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten HadeanEon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.[28][29][30] Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland.More recently, in 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia.[32][33] According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth .. then it could be common in the universe.
decreased and then increased after major waves of mass extinctions
Answer is.
Answer;
3. the two organisms belong to the same kingdom
Explanation;
-The classification of living things includes 7 levels, from the highest to lowest rank: kingdom, phylum, classes, order, families, genus, and species . The most basic classification of living things is kingdoms.
-The broadest classifications are by domain and kingdom; the most specific classification is by genus and species.
Therefore; if two organisms are in the same phylum, then it means they both belong to the same kingdom, because kingdom is the rank of classification higher than phylum.
Answer:
Once the concentration gradient no longer exists, particles will continue to diffuse due to random motion.
Explanation:
When there is a permeable membrane between two solutions with different concentrations, the concentration gradient will go from the compartment with more particles to the one with fewer particles to valance the concentrations on both sides of the membrane. Once the concentrations are equal, particles will still randomly move from one side to the other, but the number of particles that move to one side is almost the same as the number of particles that move to the other, so there is still valance and the same concentration in both sides.
Answer:
Explanation:
The flatworms are acoelomate organisms that include many free-living and parasitic forms. Most of the flatworms are classified in the superphylum Lophotrochozoa, which also includes the mollusks and annelids. The Platyhelminthes consist of two lineages: the Catenulida and the Rhabditophora. The Catenulida, or “chain worms” is a small clade of just over 100 species. These worms typically reproduce asexually by budding. However, the offspring do not fully detach from the parents and therefore resemble a chain in appearance. All of the remaining flatworms discussed here are part of the Rhabditophora. Many flatworms are parasitic, including important parasites of humans. Flatworms have three embryonic tissue layers that give rise to surfaces that cover tissues (from ectoderm), internal tissues (from mesoderm), and line the digestive system (from endoderm). The epidermal tissue is a single layer cells or a layer of fused cells (syncytium) that covers a layer of circular muscle above a layer of longitudinal muscle. The mesodermal tissues include mesenchymal cells that contain collagen and support secretory cells that secrete mucus and other materials at the surface. The flatworms are acoelomates, so their bodies are solid between the outer surface and the cavity of the digestive system.
