Let be the number of liters of the 10% solution to be used, and
the number of liters of the 4% solution. The chemist wants to end up with a 4 liter solution, so
For each liter used in the mixture, a concentration of either 10% or 4% acid will be contributed, and the goal is to make a 4L solution whose concentration is 7%, which means
Solving for gives
, so 2L of both solutions is needed.