After the macrophage fails the Helper T Cell stimulates the B cells if pathogen is extracellular and Cytotoxic T Cells if the pathogen is intracellular. Once the pathogen is killed the B Cells create Memory B Cells and the Killer T Cells create memory T Cells.
Answer:
The correct answer will be options
1. Process includes glycolysis.
2. Between 2 and 38 ATP are produced per molecule of glucose input .
3. Much or most of the ATP produced is produced by oxidative phosphorylation.
4. Process involves electron transport and chemiosmosis.
5. End products are CO₂ and H₂O.
6. Process involves the Krebs cycle.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is the oxidative process which involves the breakdown of food molecules like glucose, amino acids and fats to release heat and energy in the form of ATP.
In the presence of oxygen or aerobic respiration it undergoes four stages: glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain while in the anaerobic reaction it produces ethanol and carbon dioxide by the process of fermentation.
Each stage produces energy in the form of ATP molecules or co-enzymes NADH OR FADH₂ like glycolysis produces 2 ATP and link reaction, Krebs cycle produces NADH OR FADH₂ in addition to ATP. Each NADH produces 3 ATP while Each FADH₂ produces 2 ATP during electron transport chain. So, ATP molecules are produced between 2 to 38 ATP molecules in each stage with large number during electron transport chain from these co-enzymes.
The waste products produced in the stages of cellular respiration are CO₂ molecules and H₂O which is also known as metabolic water.
Answer:
Absorption
Thousands of pores on the surface of the skin can absorb vitamins, acids, water and oxygen in order to provide moisture and nourishment to our skin.
Excretion
The skin is the body’s largest waste removal system. Toxins are released through the sweat glands and pores.
Secretion
The skin secretes sebum, a mixture of oils that keeps the skin soft and supple. The layer of sebum on the outermost layer of the skin is known as the acid mantle. When intact the acid mantle has a PH that ranges from 4.5-5.5. The acid mantle is acidic in nature to protect the skin from outside invasion.
Regulation
The skin regulates the body’s temperature by sweating; when water from sweat on the skin evaporates it gives off heat and cools the body. The body’s temperature increases or by shivering or getting goosebumps when the body is cold. The contraction of muscles releases energy that warms the body.
Sensation
The skin contains millions of nerve endings that transport stimuli. These nerve endings allow humans to detect sensation such as heat, cold, pain and pressure.
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Sources: Salon fundamentals Esthetics Textbook: The Integumentary System
Answer:
Observation, hypothesis, conclusion, Inference, etc.
Explanation:
I hope this was helpful!
the extra cell in your blood cells
