The amount of energy available from the organisms within a tropic level determine the carrying capacity of the next tropic level
Explanation:
The method used here is agarose gel elecrtrophoresis in which DNA ladder is used which is a set of standard used to determine the size of DNA used .The DNA ladder is put adjacent to the DNA fragments to be visualized Suppose if the ladder shows 300 basepair so the DNA adjacent to this number will be of this size.These are the set standards used to determine the size of DNA or RNA. For a range we can take 2% of agrarose to run DNA fragments upto 500 Basepair. Most of the amplified DNA falls into this category size.
Answer:
DNA restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule, while DNA ligases join the resulting DNA fragments
Explanation:
Transformation is a naturally occurring process by which bacteria incorporate exogenous genetic material from their surrounding environment. This process (transformation) is used for DNA cloning via plasmid vectors. In DNA cloning, transformation occurs after restriction enzymes cut the DNA at specific sequences named palindromic sequences (i.e, sequences that can be read the same in opposite direction). Restriction enzymes can generate sticky-ends, where enzymes make staggered cuts in the two strands (e.g., <em>BamH</em>), or blunt ends, where the resulting strands are of the same length (e.g., <em>HaeIII</em>). In general, sticky-end enzymes are more useful because they generate a 3' overhang in one molecule and a complementary 5' overhang in the other, increasing the yield and specificity of ligation. During ligation, a DNA ligase is used to join both DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds in the plasmid. Following transformation, bacteria can be selected on antibiotic plates.
Air that moves horizontally between high and low pressure zones makes wind. The greater the pressure difference between the pressure zones the faster the wind moves. Convection in the atmosphere creates the planet's weather.
Hope that helps:)
Answer:
from the intermembrane space to the matrix
Explanation:
In the electron transport chain (ETC), electrons flow from one protein complex to another. However, as this electrons are transfered, protons (H+) is built up from the intermembrane space of the mitochondria to the mitochondrial matrix.
Hence, according to this question, a proton gradient is formed when hydrogen ions (H+) are moving from the intermembrane space to the matrix of the mitochondrial.
