Recall that
sin(<em>a</em> + <em>b</em>) = sin(<em>a</em>) cos(<em>b</em>) + cos(<em>a</em>) sin(<em>b</em>)
sin(<em>a</em> - <em>b</em>) = sin(<em>a</em>) cos(<em>b</em>) - cos(<em>a</em>) sin(<em>b</em>)
Adding these together gives
sin(<em>a</em> + <em>b</em>) + sin(<em>a</em> - <em>b</em>) = 2 sin(<em>a</em>) cos(<em>b</em>)
To get 14 cos(39<em>x</em>) sin(19<em>x</em>) on the right side, multiply both sides by 7 and replace <em>a</em> = 19<em>x</em> and <em>b</em> = 39<em>x</em> :
7 (sin(19<em>x</em> + 39<em>x</em>) + sin(19<em>x</em> - 39<em>x</em>)) = 14 cos(39<em>x</em>) sin(19<em>x</em>)
7 (sin(58<em>x</em>) + sin(-20<em>x</em>)) = 14 cos(39<em>x</em>) sin(19<em>x</em>)
7 (sin(58<em>x</em>) - sin(20<em>x</em>)) = 14 cos(39<em>x</em>) sin(19<em>x</em>)
Do you know the format? With the number next to the box, and the division number in the box? Because if you write 17 to the left, and 2397 to the right, that is how you write it. If you don't know how to divide it, I would suggest Khan Academy.
3 sin x + 5 cos x = 0
3 sin x = - 5 cos x /: cos x ( divide both sides by cos x )
3 sin x / cos x = - 5
3 tan x = - 5
tan x = -5/3
x = arc tan (-5/3)
x ≈ - 59.036°
Let's start by visualising this concept.
Number of grains on square:
1 2 4 8 16 ...
We can see that it starts to form a geometric sequence, with the common ratio being 2.
For the first question, we simply want the fifteenth term, so we just use the nth term geometric form:


Thus, there are 16, 384 grains on the fifteenth square.
The second question begs the same process, only this time, it's a summation. Using our sum to n terms of geometric sequence, we get:



Thus, there are 32, 767 total grains on the first 15 squares, and you should be able to work the rest from here.