Sumer, located in Mesopotamia, is the first known complex civilization, having developed the first city-states in the 4th millennium BCE. It was in these cities that the earliest known form of writing, cuneiform script, appeared around 3000 BCE.
Explanation:
Cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs, whose pictorial representations eventually became simplified and more abstract.Cuneiform texts were written by using a blunt reed as a stylus to draw symbols upon clay tablets. Writing made the administration of a large state far easier.
During the precontemplation stage, People seems to be personally comfortable in their current situation and had no plan to change their behaviours in the forseeable future. This stage tend to last until people felt a certain level of threats or urgency.
As in the modern times with the advent of the internet and world wide web, the culture has also globalized and its has shifted its focus from the traditional languages and media to the engagement of the audience and the consumers have diversified in terms of the cultural studies that take place with the cross border interactions and the each and every field of study cultural aspects can be easily found.