In short, I believe Darwin's theory was controversial in the 1800s because it contradicted the biblical view of creation.
(Sorry for the shortness.)
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No military action led to the start of WW1; the catalyst to WW1 was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the archduke of Austria-Hungary. His murder by Gavrilo Princip – a Serbian nationalist, caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, which drew the other European countries into the war due to their existing treaties of mutual defense.
The correct answer is "Someone who commits assault is beaten as a punishment." because it is both cruel and unusual
