Answer: Boxer Rebellion a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists
Explanation:
fight against the western and the japanese
Your answer is D) 2, this is why each state now has two senators and is given two electoral votes from the state senate when passing a law
Ottoman Empire extremely adhered to Jihad thought grounded by Islamic traits which can be right away portrayed as spreading Islam and battling against unbelievers. So in the meantime Europe was in mayhem because of wars between various kingdoms while the majority of the Sultan's were considering just battling with a certain and unforgiven devotion to spreading Islam toward the western world.
What's more, the military establishments were more effective than Europeans in light of the fact that for the most part warriors were brought up since their childhoods generally taken from their own families and changed over to Islam and brought to kick the bucket up in the administration of the Sultan.
There is no "main reason" for this, but if you have to choose it should be something having to do with the fact that Japan had very little natural resources, and wanted to remain independent from nations that could bribe it.