Answer:
1: Chemical Energy
2: Kinetic Energy
3: Electrical Energy
4: Mechanical Energy
Explanation:
1: The energy held in food is called <em>chemical energy. </em>It is a form of <u>potential energy</u> held within chemical bonds between atoms.
2: When flowing water is captured and turned into electricity, it is called hydroelectric power or hydropower. There are several types of hydroelectric facilities; they are all powered by the <em>kinetic energy of flowing water</em> <u>as it moves downstream.</u>
3: The power for lights and stuff is <em>Electrical</em><em> </em><em>Energy</em><em>,</em> ofc :]
4: The <u>chemical energy in the food</u> gets changed into the <em>mechanical energy</em> of <u>moving muscles.</u>
<u>Hope</u><u> </u><u>this</u><u> </u><u>helps</u><u>!</u><u>!</u><u> </u><u>:</u><u>D</u>
Answer:
Exosomes as Therapeutic Target
Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.
Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles
Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.
There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm
Answer:
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Explanation:
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Answer:
Left ventricle.
Explanation:
Human heart is divided into four chambers - two auricles and two ventricles. Heart acts as the pumping organ and carries both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the right and left ventricles.
The failure of functioning of any chamber of heart may cause a particular disease in the individuals. The pulmonary congestive heart failure occurs due to the failure of the left ventricles of the heart. The left ventricle carries blood from heart to the body tissues, its failure leads to the backup of blood in the lungs.
Thus, the answer is left ventricle.
Those mutated genes are most commonly recessive. Females have two X chromosomes so they can have a chromosome with the mutated gene and one with the healthy gene. The healthy gene is dominant so the disease won't manifest, and the woman is only a carrier. Males have only one X chromosome and an Y chromosome. If they have the mutated gene on the X chromosome they won't have another X chromosome with the healthy gene.
To summarize, men can't be carriers and they only need one copy of the mutated X-linked gene while women need two copies of the mutated gene.
