Answer:
O2 affinity depends on the pCO2 and pH.
Higher pH -> Higher O2 affinity -> Higher O2 saturation at higher pH level
Higher pCO2 -> Lower O2 affinity -> Higher O2 saturation at lower pCO2 level
This is a benefit because it allows the affinity of Hb in venous blood conditions (lower pO2, higher pCO2, and lower pH) to be much lower than in arterial conditions. Therefore, when blood goes from arterial to venous, the oxygen concentration decreases much more dramatically due to more oxygen (around 2x) being released to the tissues, which is possible due to the changes in affinity caused by the Bohr effect.
Explanation:
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