The answer to this question is <span> fixed ratio
In a </span> fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement, it requires <span>subjects to provides a set number of responses and a reward will be given after the completion of a certain numbers. Because of the high certainty, we will tend to receive high and steady rate of response if we use this type of schedule.</span>
True. By ruling out chance, bias and confounding, you can be able to determine that the association that is observed in the study is valid. These is because these are the main alternative explanations that can rule out that the association is causal
<span>Abigail believes that her low grades are reflections of her own intellectual and athletic incompetence.Her conclusion best illustrstess a pessimistic attributional style.It is due to her pessimistic attitude that she blames herself for her low grades.</span>
Xenophobic attacks; causes and solutions. ... Xenophobia is the abnormal fear or envy or hatred of foreigners/strangers in a country by the citizens living in that country.As a result, Xenophobic Attack is just the attack of such foreigners by the citizens in that country due to the abnormal fear or envy or hatred of them ...hope this helps
