<span>10% rule (efficiency between trophic levels): limits how long an ecosystem's food chain can be
Predator/prey
cost benefit analysis (i.e. foraging) -- cost is risk of being eaten or
killed along the way, benefit is energy/nourishment obtained: limits
distribution of predator v. prey
Immigration/Emigration with other populations and ecosystems
Island
biogeography: size of land and distance from another
population/ecosystem (mainland): limits population size and variability
on island</span>
Answer;
A. leaf to mouse
Explanation;
-Considering the fact that the amount of energy at each trophic level reduces as it moves through an ecosystem from the lowest trophic level which happens to be producers (plants). And about 10 percent of this energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level since the rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat.
-It means that the lower the trophic level the higher the energy obtained, for instance from producers to primary consumers, more energy is passed since it is the first passage of energy.
Since the formation of the San Andreas Fault system 25-30 million years ago, the juxtaposition of the Pacific and North American plates has formed many faults in California that accommodate lateral motion between the plates.
hope this helps
Reproduction is to create or recreate something, usually a new living thing, such as a baby. ... Most bacteria reproduce by asexual reproduction. Some organisms can either reproduce sexually or asexually.
Answer:
Darwin observed marine fossils in the mountains and the uplift of land by an earthquake which supports Lyell's theory.
Explanation:
- Lyell's theory of an ancient Earth states "the formation of Earth's crust took place through countless small changes occurring over vast periods of time".
- So Darwin had an observation of marine fossils that uplifted the land through many years by earthquake. Which was the same thing Lyell's explained.
- According to known natural laws, It takes lots of time to form the earth's crust.
