The randomness in the alignment of recombined chromosomes at the metaphase plate, coupled with the crossing over events between nonsister chromatids, are responsible for much of the genetic variation in the offspring. To clarify this further, remember that the homologous chromosomes of a sexually reproducing organism are originally inherited as two separate sets, one from each parent. Using humans as an example, one set of 23 chromosomes is present in the egg donated by the mother. The father provides the other set of 23 chromosomes in the sperm that fertilizes the egg. Every cell of the multicellular offspring has copies of the original two sets of homologous chromosomes. In prophase I of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes form the tetrads. In metaphase I, these pairs line up at the midway point between the two poles of the cell to form the metaphase plate. Because there is an equal chance that a microtubule fiber will encounter a maternally or paternally inherited chromosome, the arrangement of the tetrads at the metaphase plate is random. Thus, any maternally inherited chromosome may face either pole. Likewise, any paternally inherited chromosome may also face either pole. The orientation of each tetrad is independent of the orientation of the other 22 tetrads.
Explanation:
Mitochondria transfer chemical energy from food to ATP; chloroplasts transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP.
<span>Mitochondria and chloroplasts are capable for converting chemical energy<span> from food (or light) in the cell to energy in a form usable to that cell (ATP).</span></span>
<span>High-energy electrons which are produced during the oxidation of food molecules (or from the action of sunlight in case of chloroplast) are transferred through the electron transport chain located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. These electron transfers release energy that is used to pump H+ and thus generate an electrochemical proton gradient. H+ moves down its electrochemical gradient through a protein called ATP synthase permitting the proton gradient to drive the production of ATP.</span>
Answer:
i think its a TwT
i might be wrong but i tried ;(
Roots
leaves
the stem
reproductive organs, such as male and female sex organs in flowers.
