From the energy of photons(light).
Photons give their energy to electrons and through the processes of the light reactions and electron is added to NADP+ to become NADPH.
Answer: B. They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediately.
Explanation:
B-lymphocytes are not the first line of defense. On the contrary, innate immune cells such as basophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, Langerhans cells, mast cells are the body's first line of defence.
Algae, Bacteria and Fungi
Answer:
d. pxp +2pq
Explanation:
The formula for genotype frequency for a population in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium is as under:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where, p = dominant allele
q = recessive allele
Here,
p² represents frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq represents frequency of heterozygous genotype
q² represents frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
Also, although the genotypes p² & 2pq are different from each other yet phenotypically they both will collectively produce dominant trait i.e. free ear lobes not attached earlobes. So the term "p² + 2pq or pxp + 2pq" represents the frequency of the individuals who show the dominant phenotype in this particular population. Dominant phenotype will comprise 75% of the population.
Answer: The center vacoule
Explanation:
Vacuoles are membrane-bounded vesicles whose functions vary in different kinds of cells. Mature plant cells generally contain a large central vacuole.
The plant cell central vacuole is a varsatile compartment. It can hold reserve of important organic material such as protein stockpiled and inorganic ions. Many plant cells use their vacuoles as a disposal sites for metabolic by-products that would endanger the cell if the accumulate in the cytosol.
Vacuoles may also help protect the plant against predators by containing compounds that are poisonous or unpalatable to animals.
