Answer: Maintaining a good level of physical fitness is something that we should all aspire to do. But it can be difficult to determine what fitness entails. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, physical fitness is defined as “a set of attributes that people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity.”This description goes beyond being able to run fast or lift heavy weights. Despite being important, these attributes only address single areas of fitness. This article provides details of the five main components of physical fitness.
Explanation: hope this help
Answer: All the statements of the question are correct.
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by formation of defective hemoglobin protein, which results in sickle shaped RBC ( red blood cell).
This disease is caused by mutation in the gene that is responsible for the protein hemoglobin ( which transport oxygen throughout body).
It is inherited by the offspring when both the mutated copy of genes ( one from each parent) are passed to him.
Carriers of the disease exhibit increased resistance to malarial parasites by controlling the level of free haem in the blood ( through enzyme heme oxygenase that produces a toxic carbon monoxide gas). The resistance thus developed, is a mutation.
Therefore, all the statements in the given question are correct.
<span>Preservation of advantageous genetic mutations, I think.</span>
Answer: Warm-Up:
Write down two places in the school where
you think there might be a lot of bacteria,
and write down two places in the school
where you think there will be very little
bacteria. Explain why you chose these
places.
Explanation:
There is a lot of bacteria in the restroom because it is they restroom of course and there is a lot of people who go in and out through out the day. Some people do not wash their hands after using the bathroom, also from other places. One of the most cleanest areas might be the science lab because they are always cleaning up everything and disinfecting.
1.- Natural Selection
Natural Selection leads to an evolutionary change when some individuals with certain traits in a population have a higher survival and reproductive rate than others and pass on these inheritable genetic features to their offspring. Evolution acts through natural selection whereby reproductive and genetic qualities that prove advantageous to survival prevail into future generations. The cumulative effects of natural selection process have giving rise to populations that have evolved to succeed in specific environments. Natural selection operates by differential reproductive success (fitness) of individuals.
The Darwin’s Finches diagramillustrates the way the finch has adapted to take advantage of feeding in different ecological niches:
2.- Genetic Drift
Random Drift consists of random fluctuations in the frequency of appearance of a gene, usually, in a small population. The process may cause gene variants to disappear completely, thereby reducing genetic variability. In contrast to natural selection, environmental or adaptive pressures do not drive changes due to genetic drift. The effect of genetic drift is larger in small populations and smaller in large populations.
Genetic drift is a stochastic process, a random event that happens by chance in nature that influences or changes allele frequency within a population as a result of sampling error from generation to generation. It may happen that some alleles are completely lost within a generation due to genetic drift, even if they are beneficial traits that conduct to evolutionary and reproductive success. Allele is defined as any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome. Alleles are responsible for variations in a trait.
The population bottleneck and a founder effect are two examples of random drift that can have significant effects in small populations. Genetic drift works on all mutations and can eventually contribute to the creation of a new species by means of the accumulation of non-adaptive mutations that can facilitate population subdivision.
In population genetics, Gene Flow(also known as gene migration) refers to the transfer of genes from the gene pool of one population to another. Gene flow may change the frequency and/or the range of alleles in the populations due to the migration of individuals or gametes that can reproduce in a different population. The introduction of new alleles increases variability within a population and allows for new combinations of traits. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) also known as lateral gene transfer (LGT), is a process in which an organism (recipient) acquires genetic material from another one (donor) by asexual means. It is already known that HGT has played a major role in the evolution of many organisms like bacteria. In plant populations, the great majority of cases linked to this mechanism have to do with the movement of DNA between mitochondrial genomes. Horizontal gene transfer is a widespread phenomenon in prokaryotes, but the prevalence and implications of this mechanism in the evolution of multicellular eukaryotes is still unclear. Nevertheless, many investigations on HGT in plants have been carried out during the last years trying to reveal the underlying patterns, magnitude and importance of this mechanism in plant populations as well as its influence on agriculture and the ecosystem.
Plant populations can experience gene flow by spreading their pollen long distances away to other populations by means of wind or through birds or insects (bees, for example) and once there, this pollen is able to fertilize the plants where it ended up. Pollen is a fine to coarse powder containing the microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce the male gametes (comparable to sperm cells). Of course, pollination does not always lead to fertilization.
Maintained gene flow also acts against speciation by recombining the gene pools of different populations and in such a way, repairing the developing differences in genetic variation.Thus, gene flow has the effect of minimizing the genetic differences between populations.
Human migrations have occurred throughout the history of mankind and are defined as the movement of people from one place to another. However, in a genetic context, this movement needs to be associated with the introduction of new alleles into a population through successful mating of individuals from different populations.
