When sediment has built up over time layers of rock start to form, starting with sedimentry rocks, then metamorphic rocks
Answer:
The critical stress required for the propagation of an initial crack
= 21.84 M pa
Explanation:
Given data
Modulus of elasticity E = 225 ×

Specific surface energy for magnesium oxide is
= 1 
Crack length (a) = 0.3 mm = 0.0003 m
Critical stress is given by
=
-------- (1)
⇒ 2 E
= 2 × 225 ×
× 1 = 450 ×
⇒
a = 3.14 × 0.0003 = 0.000942
⇒ Put these values in equation 1 we get
⇒
=
⇒
= 4.77 × 
⇒
= 2.184 ×

⇒
= 21.84 
⇒
= 21.84 M pa
This is the critical stress required for the propagation of an initial crack.
Explanation:
Below is an attachment containing the solution.
Answer:
D. The magma is heated and becomes less dense by the core moving it toward the crust.
Explanation:
Closer to the core of the earth is much hotter than near the crust so as the Lava heats up its particles move faster and father apart making it less dense, as the Lava from near the crust cools down it begins to get dense and sinks as the hot magma starts to move up.
Answer:
c. Beryllium
Explanation:
oxygen carries 2-
and Beryllium only element that is 2+