Question

Help evaluating the indefinite integral

Answer 1

Answer:

$\displaystyle \int {\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 - x^2}}} \, dx = \boxed{ -\sqrt{4 - x^2} + C }$

General Formulas and Concepts:
Calculus

Differentiation

• Derivatives
• Derivative Notation

Derivative Property [Multiplied Constant]:
$\displaystyle (cu)' = cu'$

Derivative Property [Addition/Subtraction]:
$\displaystyle (u + v)' = u' + v'$
Derivative Rule [Basic Power Rule]:

1. f(x) = cxⁿ
2. f’(x) = c·nxⁿ⁻¹

Integration

• Integrals

Integration Rule [Reverse Power Rule]:
$\displaystyle \int {x^n} \, dx = \frac{x^{n + 1}}{n + 1} + C$

Integration Property [Multiplied Constant]:
$\displaystyle \int {cf(x)} \, dx = c \int {f(x)} \, dx$

Integration Methods: U-Substitution and U-Solve

Step-by-step explanation:

Step 1: Define

Identify given.

$\displaystyle \int {\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 - x^2}}} \, dx$

Step 2: Integrate Pt. 1

Identify variables for u-substitution/u-solve.

1. Set u:
   $\displaystyle u = 4 - x^2$
2. [u] Differentiate [Derivative Rules and Properties]:
   $\displaystyle du = -2x \ dx$
3. [du] Rewrite [U-Solve]:
   $\displaystyle dx = \frac{-1}{2x} \ du$

Step 3: Integrate Pt. 2

1. [Integral] Apply U-Solve:
   $\displaystyle \int {\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 - x^2}}} \, dx = \int {\frac{-x}{2x\sqrt{u}}} \, du$
2. [Integrand] Simplify:
   $\displaystyle \int {\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 - x^2}}} \, dx = \int {\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{u}}} \, du$
3. [Integral] Rewrite [Integration Property - Multiplied Constant]:
   $\displaystyle \int {\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 - x^2}}} \, dx = \frac{-1}{2} \int {\frac{1}{\sqrt{u}}} \, du$
4. [Integral] Apply Integration Rule [Reverse Power Rule]:
   $\displaystyle \int {\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 - x^2}}} \, dx = -\sqrt{u} + C$
5. [u] Back-substitute:
   $\displaystyle \int {\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 - x^2}}} \, dx = \boxed{ -\sqrt{4 - x^2} + C }$

∴ we have used u-solve (u-substitution) to find the indefinite integral.

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Topic: AP Calculus AB/BC (Calculus I/I + II)

Unit: Integration