Answer:
b. thick wall.
Explanation:
Endospore is a structure formed by some bacteria, that help them survive unfavourable conditions (e.g. lack of nutrients). This survival strategy of some bacteria (usually Gram+ bacteria) help them stay dormant for a while, until stressful conditions stop. A thick wall composed of many layers (exosporium, spore coat, spore cortex, core wall) of the endospore is what provides resistance to different stressful chemical and physical factors such as UV radiation, temperature, chemical damage etc.
I think you forgot to give the options along with the question. I am answering the question based on my research and knowledge. "The role of creativity in scientific discovery" best <span>illustrated by Watson and Crick's ball-and-stick model of DNA. I hope that this is the answer that has actually come to your help.</span>
Nutrients entering a cell through the cell membrane Removing a phosphate group from an ATP molecule Building sugar or starch molecules for long-term energy storage Adding an additional phosphate group to an ADP molecule.
Base on one of the Law of Thermodynamics, the amount of available energy decreases whenever energy is changed in form (which includes a transfer from one trophic level to another). So, as we go from the first trophic level to the top trophic level, the amount of available energy becomes less and less.
The reason is to help in seed dispersal. Seed dispersal is the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Due to the fact that plants have very limited mobility they have to rely upon variety of dispersal; vectors to transport their seeds, including both abiotic and biotic factors. Seed dispersal is important because if seed are not dispersed, many germinating seedlings will grow very close to the parent plant which would result to competition between every one of the seedlings as well as the parent. The competition for essential growth factors such as light, space, water and nutrients.
