How do the genes in our DNA influence our characteristics? For example, how can a gene determine
whether a person is an albino with very pale skin and hair?
Basically, a gene is a segment of DNA that provides the instructions for making a protein, and
proteins influence our characteristics. This chart describes how two different versions of a gene result
in two different versions of a protein which in turn can result in either normal skin and hair color or
albinism.
DNA Protein Characteristic
Version of the gene that provides
instructions to make
normal protein enzyme
Normal enzyme that makes the
pigment molecule in skin and
hair
Normal skin and hair
color
Version of the gene that provides
instructions to make
defective enzyme
Defective enzyme that does
not make this pigment
molecule
Albinism (very pale
skin and hair)
A gene directs the synthesis of a protein by a two-step process.
The first step is transcription of the gene in the DNA.
Transcription produces a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
The second step is translation of the mRNA molecule.
Translation produces a protein molecule.
During transcription, the sequence of
nucleotides in a gene in the DNA is
copied to a corresponding sequence
of nucleotides in mRNA.
During translation, the sequence of
nucleotides in the mRNA determines
the sequence of amino acids in the
protein.
After translation, the sequence of amino acids in the protein determines the structure and function of
the protein. Differences in protein function can influence characteristics such as normal skin and hair
color vs. albinism.
The correct answer is (a.) Its spindle-shaped cells allow it to do smooth muscles. The structure of the cardiac muscles which is spindle-shaped is very important for the heart to withstand the stretching of the muscles during the contractions. Also for its smooth surface which is very important to prevent any possible blood clot during circulation.
<h3>Correct answer choice is:</h3><h2>d. Erosion caused by hurricanes can leave coasts more exposed to storms.
</h2><h3>Explanation:</h3>
Important erosion, rapture, and removal of solids happen through storms. Beach erosion is a typical consequence of the high waves that transpire when hurricanes pass onto land. The decline of sand makes the beach to grow narrower and deeper in elevation. Storm loops take the sand offshore, keeping and depositing the sediment in great sandbars.
Answer:
Lactose present, glucose absent.
Explanation:
Lac operon may be defined as a cluster of genes that regulate the metabolism of lactose in bacteria. The bacteria always prefer glucose if both glucose and lactose is present in the medium.
The conditions that causes the maximal expression of lactose is the presence of lactose and absence of glucose. This is due to the action of catabolite activator protein and cyclicAMP.
Thus, the correct answer is option (1).
