Turkey. Historically, Iran was the centre of the Persian Empire, while Turkey was the centre of the Ottoman Empire.
D. Earthquake. The magnitude was 7.6 and occurred October 8, 2005.
Because of the tectonic plates shifting it causes different landforms. Hope this helps!
Many things caused the crash. Taxes were too high, bad bank practices caused a recession, and too many workers went on strike (there were many other causes but thats all o could think of)