Answer:
d. Gemmulation involves providing a resistant layer of cells for a capsule; fragmentation is merely breaking off chunks of tissue to grow a new organism
Explanation:
Gemmulation and fragmentation are both a type of asexual reproduction. Gemmulation starts when mass of cell which is produced asexually that are capable of producing a new organism.
These mass of cells gets surrounded by a protective covering which provide a resistant layer of cell and the structure is called gemmule.
In fragmentation, the parent body part breaks from the whole body and gives rise to a new organism. For example in planaria. So the correct answer is d.
Answer:
greater than can be the answer
Explanation:
There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen. ... Antigens are bound to antibodies through weak and noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response.
Answer:
Because animals cannot produce energy directly from the sun, they must eat plants or other animals that eat plants, and acquire energy, either directly or indirectly, from glucose
Explanation:
