Answer – D. RNA
Like proteins, Ribonucleic acid is another kind of organic molecule that also acts as a catalyst for chemical reactions. Asides acting a catalyst for chemical reactions, proteins have a wide variety of functions that they perform in in living cells.
I believe the answer is that a dimpled chin is controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles and height is controlled by many genes. Alleles are alternative forms of a gene, and they are responsible for differences in phenotypic expression of a given trait. A gene for which at least two alleles exist is said to be polymorphic.
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<em><u>How could genetic variation affect new adaptations?</u></em>
<em>Populations adapt to novel environments in two distinct ways: selection on pre-existing genetic variation and selection on new mutations. These alternative sources of beneficial alleles can result in different evolutionary dynamics and distinct genetic outcomes. Compared with new mutations, adaptation from standing genetic variation is likely to lead to faster evolution, the fixation of more alleles of small effect and the spread of more recessive alleles. </em>
<em>So you may be asking.... why? And how?</em>
<em>There is potential to distinguish between adaptation from standing variation and that from new mutations by differences in the genomic signature of selection. Here we review these approaches and possible examples of adaptation from standing variation in natural populations. Understanding how the source of genetic variation affects adaptation will be integral for predicting how populations will respond to changing environments.</em>
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