There is 50% probability that their daughter's son will have the disease, because daughter chromosomes are XX , and the X from father will have x- linked disease, now in next generation the son will have XY chromosomes, Y is from father and X will from mother, now mother have two "XX", out of these two one carry x- linked disease, that means 50 percent chances of having disease in son.
Activational effect is the correct answer.
Activational effect is an impermanent hormonal effect that leads to a change in physiological activity or behavior in both humans and adult animals. For instance, when testosterone levels rise in male songbirds they become more aggressive and tend to engage in courtship behavior. Also, a pregnant woman may get more emotional than usual due to an extra level of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy.
It is true that r-related species have a short life span and an early reproduction cycle. R-related species also known as r-strategist have a short and simple life span. Due to their simple life span, their nutrient exchange rate with the environment is rapid. Unlike K-selected species, they have the ability to reproduce at a young age. They reproduce a large number of off-springs, but many of their off-springs tend to die before attainment of their reproductive age.
Phosphorus moves in a cycle through rocks, water, soil and sediments and organisms.
Onion skin is a plant cell. And your skin cell is a animal cell.
Basically as simple all the structures in animal cell can be found in plant cells. But plant cells has some extra structure and part where doesn't exist in animal cells.
In animal cell, it contains a cytoplasm, nucleus and a cell membrane.
But in plant cell, they have chloroplast, cell wall and vacuole in additional.
