I would say that the adjectival phrase is B. overly excited. An adjective describes a noun, so an adjectival phrase would be a phrase that describes a noun. "overly excited" describes the noun "children." "to the front" and "of the room" are prepositional phrases and "pushed" is a verb.
Answer:
I'm pretty sure that's a fragment, b/c it's not long enough to be a run-on, and it's not a complete sentence.
Explanation: