Answer:
d. less than 100% of the energy captured from sunlight is transformed into potential energy in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient and then into potential energy in the form of covalent bonds
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is process utilized by plants, several bacteria and protists to convert the light energy to chemical energy. So they utilize the photosynthesis as the powerhouse for the energy production. Heterotrophs like human that cannot synthesize their own food, use this converted form of energy by autotrophs.
During the light reaction of photosynthesis the photons from light are absorbed by photosystem I and II. These photons excites the electrons which flow through the electron transport chain from higher potential to lower potential. These electrons release the energy while moving from higher potential to lower potential which is utilized by H+ pump to pump the H+ to lumen of plastids from stroma and of course not the 100% energy is utilized some of the energy dissipates. . So this process causes the accumulation of high potential H+ ions across the membrane. These H+ ions are utilized for the production of ATP by ATP synthase complex when they flow back to lower potential across the membrane through ATP synthase complex.
The ATP and NADPH produced from light reaction are utilized to combine carbon molecules during dark reaction. The covalent bond is used to combine the carbon molecules and we know that combining carbon molecules stores energy in the form of covalent bond.
Every year the farmer was taking care of his ice field, keep it clean and clear of all the unnecessary shrubs and then reuse the debris to fertile the soil again and then grow rice again. But since he fell sick, there is no one to take care of his rice field which will leads to the growth of unnecessary plants and weeds in it.
There will grow wild plants and shrubs which will contaminate the rice field.
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Answer:
hydrogen bond
Explanation:
by weak electrical attraction between two polar molecule hydrogen bond is developed between them
the example is water molecule in case of water two water molecules are attracted toward each other by strong hydrogen bond which is developed between highly electronegative oxygen of one water and electropositive hydrogen of another water molecule
Hydrolysis.Water can add to a material to make a new material or it can dissolve a material to change it. Have a good day
