Answer is A
Explanation: Consumer surplus actually happens when a customer is willing and ready to pay for a particular product than its current market price. It is a measure of the additional benefits a consumer gets after paying for a product even though they are willing to pay more.
For example: Let's assume you want to get a IPhone 8 plus and you value it at $800 dollars, which you are ready to pay, but realise it is sold at $700. When you buy it at $700, the customer surplus is $100, that is a difference between how much you were willing to pay and the price you eventually got it.
Consumer Surplus changes as the equilibrium price of a good rises or falls. If the price of a good rises, the consumer surplus decreases but when the price of the good falls, the consumer surplus increases.
The most likely answer here is B
False, since both roles are in the capacity of research and does not compromise results. So there is no conflict of interest in research.
Conflicts of interest are situations in which professional judgments or actions regarding a primary concern, such as a medical researcher's responsibilities, may be easily persuaded by a secondary interest, such as monetary benefit or professional advancement.
Many doctors work full-time for biotech and pharmaceutical companies, as well as medical device manufacturers. They work in research, product development, or administration. In fact, a few of them own the businesses. This is not conflict of interest.
Learn more on conflict of interest-
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<span>the answer is Direct distribution
Direct distribution is a channel of distribution where the producer or manufacturer ensures his or her goods and services reaches the consumer without any intermediary like wholesalers or retailers, in this case all the middle players in the supply chain are eliminated.
By opening its own stores for selling sandwiches to consumers, Breadmakers, inc. will be doing a direct distribution (direct supply to consumers)</span>
