The answer is asexual reproduction. This type of reproduction does not involve fusion of gametes. The offspring arise from a single organism and inherit the genes of that parent only. Consequently, there is little variation from parent compared to sexual reproduction.
Decomposers break down the remains of producers and consumers.
<span>TESTING HYPOTHESIS ABOUT INDIVIDUAL REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS: t STATISTIC) : The t statistic. Used to determine which of the independent variables influences the dependent variable. Whether a particular independent variable influences the dependent variable Test whether the true value of the parameter estimate is zero. The higher the value of the t-statistic, the smaller the value of the regression coefficient is zero.</span>