Herbert Hoover earned the nickname "The Great Humanitarian" because he A) successfully managed the distribution of food to Allied nations throughout World War I. He was largely successful in handing out humanitarian aid in war-time Belgium. He wanted to make it his goal to feed all of Belgium during the war period and actually was able to do this, along with giving many Belgians clothes and cash which was well distributed among the population and never reached the hands of the Germans.
They agree to sell shares/stocks of their company in an IPO, Initial Public Offering. They can raise billions of dollars this way instead of what a bank would loan at whatever interest rate
