A statistical indication of the link between variables is a correlation. There is a cause-and-effect link between the variables; causality is the idea that changes in one variable create changes in the other. The two variables have a causal relationship as well as a correlation with one another.
What is causal relationship?
If the occurrence of one event results in the other, then there is a causal relationship between the two. The first incident is referred to as the cause, and the second incident as the effect. Two factors may correlate, but that does not prove one caused the other. On the other hand, two variables must be correlated if there is a causal connection between them.
According to a study, there is a link between a student's test-day anxiety and test results that is unfavorable. We cannot, however, conclude that test anxiety is to blame for a student's worse performance because there may be other factors at play, such as poor study habits. In this case, correlation does not prove causality.
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